ABSTRACT
Introducción: La desnutrición es un desafío pendiente que influye nocivamente en el desarrollo de los niños/as y de una nación. Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución del estado nutricional de niños/as <5 años ingresados a un programa alimentario durante el año 2012. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio longitudinal (cohorte), descriptivo, analítico de beneficiarios del Programa Alimentario Nutricional Integral (PANI) en el 2012.Variables sociodemográficas fueron consideradas, el diagnóstico nutricional según criterios OMS según puntaje zPeso/Edad (zP/E), Índice de Masa Corporal/Edad (zIMC/E), Talla/Edad (zT/E). Resultados: Fueron procesados datos de 4946 niños/as <5años. Edad media 17,5m (0,03-59 m), 50,3% varones; 51,4% del área rural. Al ingreso, tuvieron media zP/E-1,71±0,7DE, zIMC/Edad -1,31±1,12DE y zT/E -1,34±1,30 DE. El zP/E en controles sucesivos aumentó a -0,36 DE en el 12vo. control, el zIMC/E a 0,26DE,zT/E a -0,91 de manera significativa (ANOVA p<0,0001). 22,6% presentaban Desnutrición Global-DG y 77,4% de riesgo de desnutrir al ingreso, estas prevalencias fueron de 3,4% y 21% respectivamente con 75,6% de niños/as sin desnutrición al último control ((2,p<0,0001). 21,9% tuvieron desnutrición por IMC, y 38,5%% de riesgo de desnutrir, estas prevalencias fueron de 3,1% y 10,7% al 12vo. control. Del 26% de Desnutrición Crónica-DC, se pasó a 16% al final de la intervención. Conclusiones: La desnutrición infantil disminuye significativamente con el apoyo de un programa alimentario.
Introduction: Malnutrition is a pending challenge which has a harmful influence on children's development of and for a nation. Objective: To evaluate the evolution of nutritional status of children <5 years admitted to an Integrated Nutritional Food Program (PANI) during the year 2012. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal (cohort), descriptive and analytical study of beneficiaries of the Integrated Nutritional Food Program (PANI) in 2012. Sociodemographic variables were considered, nutritional diagnosis was according to WHO criteria with zscore Weigth/Age (z(W/A), Body Mass Indesx/Age (zBMI/A) and Heigth/Age (zH/A). Results: Data were processed from 4946 children <5 years old. Mean age 17.5m (0.03-59 m), 50.3% males; 51.4% of the rural area. At entry, they had mean zW/A -1.71 ± 0.7DE, zBMI/A -1.31 ± 1.12 DE and zH/A -1.34 ± 1.30DE. The zW/A in successive controls increased to -0.36DE in the 12th control, zBMI/A at 0.26DE, zH/A at -0.91 significantly (ANOVA p <0.0001). 22.6% presented Global Malnutrition-DG and 77.4% risk of malnutrition at admission, these prevalences were 3.4% and 21%, respectively, with 75.6% of children without malnutrition at the last control ((2, p<0.0001). 21.9% had malnutrition due to BMI, and 38.5% had a risk of malnutrition, these prevalences were 3.1% and 10.7% at the 12th control. Of the 26% of Chronic Malnutrition-DC, it was changed to 16% at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Child undernutrition decreases significantly with the support of a food program.
ABSTRACT
Background: During 2005, the Chilean Ministry of Health included a fortified milk beverage to the Elderly Food Supplementation Program, to improve the compliance with the program and to increase the provision of micronutrients. This beverage was added to a soup that was distributed since 1999. Aim: To evaluate the long term acceptability, tolerance and consumption of the Milk Beverage and analyze the nutritional contribution of the products provided by the supplementation program to the usual diet of the elderly. Material and methods: One hundred twenty five elderly subjects, aged 77 ± 4 (52 males) living in Metropolitan Santiago, aged over 70 years, beneficiaries of the food supplementation program, were interviewed. The acceptability, consumption and tolerance of the Milk Beverage were evaluated by specially designed surveys. The contribution of the food suplementation products to daily nutrient intake was also analyzed by 24 hours dietary recalls. Results: The mean body mass index of the interviewed elderly subjects was 27.0 ±4.5 Kg/m². Monthly delivery of the products included in the program increased significantly after the incorporation of the Milk Beverage to the program. The milk beverage had a significantly higher daily consumption and a lower family dilution than the soup. The consumption of supplementation products increased significantly the daily intake of energy and most micronutrients. Noteworthy was the case for vitamin B12, C, E and zinc, whose intake doubled (p <0.01). Conclusions: The Milk Beverage had an excellent approval and consumption rate. The consumption of food supplementation products improved daily intake of most nutrients in elderly subjects.